Many U.S. statistics on education are collected and published (print and online) by federal and state government agencies. A few suggested sites in the areas of education (specifically) and general statistics and demographics (national and international) are listed below.
See an enormous collection of Statistics at this guide: http://library.knox.edu/statistics
Education Statistics
The United States Census Bureau is the place to go for current census data. The decennial census contains demographic information about the United States population. current data is based on the 2020 census. The site also provides access to earlier census data. The QuickFacts page is a summary of useful data.
The Statistical Abstract of the United States site has volumes from 2013-2018. The volumes are fully searchable and data can be downloaded in pdf and Excel formats.