Statista.com consolidates market and consumer statistical data on over 80,000 topics from more than 22,500 sources. Results are presented in graphical display with Excel and pdf download options. This is a good site for energy and environmental data.
The United States Census Bureau is the place to go for current census data. The decennial census contains demographic information about the United States population. current data is based on the 2020 census. The site also provides access to earlier census data. The QuickFacts page is a summary of useful data.
The Statistical Abstract of the United States site has volumes from 2013-2018. The volumes are fully searchable and data can be downloaded in pdf and Excel formats.
Historical census data
More places to look
Our World in Data aims to present "research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems." Topics include: CO2 emissions, economic inequality, human rights, poverty, energy, life expectancy, causes of death, population growth, food and agriculture, innovation and technological change, violence and war.
Each large topic has subtopics. Browse by topic or search by keyword. Data is from authoritative sources and is available in tables, charts, and maps.