HIST 104: The Ancient Mediterranean World

Do the Know Your Source tutorial before learning about the Chicago Manual of Style. Knowing what kind of source you need to cite is a skill to master before learning about any citation style. 

The Chicago Manual of Style tutorial will guide you through the basics of using the Chicago Manual of Style.

To learn how to cite non-standard types of sources, watch a short video about Chapter 14 of the Chicago Manual of Style.

See the Chicago Manual of Style Citation Quick Guides for:

Notes and Bibliography format

Author-Date format

The Chicago Manual of Style offers three different ways to cite sources in the Notes & Bibliography format:

• notes -- use the first time you cite a source in a footnote
• shortened notes -- use after the first time you have cited a source (second, third, fourth, etc. times)
• bibliographies -- use this format in the bibliography which appears at the end of your paper

Below are some examples of common types of sources and the format for citing them the first time in a footnote. Refer to the Chicago Manual of Style Quick Guide online for more examples. 

Book:
Note: Mary Beard, SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome (New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2015), 114-15.
Shortened note: Beard, SPQR, 201.
Bibliography: Beard, Mary. SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2015. 

Journal article:
Note: Roy Bowen Ward, "Women in Roman Baths," The Harvard Theological Review 85, no. 2 (April 1992): 131. 
Shortened note: Ward, "Women," 132.
Bibliography: Ward, Roy Bowen. "Women in Roman Baths." The Harvard Theological Review 85, no. 2 (April 1992): 125-147.

Chapter or other part of an edited book:
Note: Suzanne Roux, "Archimedes" in Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece, ed. Patricia F. O'Grady (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2005), 75-78.
Shortened note: Roux, "Archimedes," 76.
Bibliography: Roux, Suzanne. "Archimedes." In Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece, edited by Patricia F. O'Grady, 69-80. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2005.

Film or other media:
Note: Jordan Peele, Get Out  (Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, 2017), DVD, 104 minutes.
Shortened note: Peele, Get Out.
Bibliography: Peele, Jordan. Get Out. Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, 2017. DVD, 104 minutes.

Note: include all relevant information and a stable URL if found online. Cite particular scenes as you would a chapter title.

Article in a print encyclopedia or other reference work:

[For more information see the Chicago Manual of Style here. For citing online reference sources see here.]

Note: Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed., (2012), s.v. "Hittites." 

Bibliography: Hornblower, Simon and Anthony Spawforth, eds. Oxford Classical Dictionary. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

If the Quick Guide does not have the type of source you need to cite, turn to the full edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. Click on the link to CMOS 17 Contents in the top menu.You will see many other different types of sources outlined in this section. 

Whether you are making your own citations or reading citations given in secondary works, citations to classical works follow a specific convention. The format refers to the ancient text itself without referencing any particular translation.

Example:  Ov. Am. 1.7.27.

The parts of this citation are:

Notes:

• Abbreviations for authors and titles are found in the Oxford Classical Dictionary, Abbreviations section.
• An “F” in the citation indicates that the work is fragmentary. 
• Some citations will omit the title of a text because the author may have only one surviving work (Polybius, Herodotus).